Provide a sketch of this in action at a coastal environment.
3
1
Define chronic erosion and suggest why it may be a significant issue for island coastal environments.
4
1
Through tourism, Waikiki has developed into an ‘economic engine’ for the State of Hawaii. Waikiki, having long been known for its’ vibrant beaches and beach lifestyle, is likely one of the most recognizable images of Hawaii, witnessed around the world for generations. Revenue generated throughout this urban corridor constitutes 44% of the $11.4 billion originating from annual tourism expenditures in Hawaii and is responsible for 140,000 jobs1 . The thriving economy of Waikiki is directly dependant on the appeal of the sand beach, the cleanliness of the water.
(The island of Oahu has a population of just under one million).
From the above information:
1: Identify 3 key stakeholder groups of Waikiki.
2: Describe the repercussions for all inhabitants of the island should the beach completely disappear.
Head to the link above and read the information about Waikiki Beach erosion.
1: What is a key man-made feature that is prolonging the presence of sand at the beach?
2: By how much a year is rising sea levels overrunning the beach?
3: How much did the beach re-nourishment program cost and what did it achieve in 2012?
4: In the context of the article, what does the phrase, "You are robbing Peter to pay Paul" actually mean?
5: Outline the additional effect that rising sea levels can have away from the coast.
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